Speciation Independent Of Geographical Isolation

topic posted Fri, July 24, 2009 - 1:31 PM by  offlineKrampus
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Global Model For The Origin Of Species Independent Of Geographical Isolation
ScienceDaily (July 20, 2009)
www.sciencedaily.com/release...0258.htm

From the article:
In a new study just published in Nature, Les Kaufman, Boston University professor of biology and associate director of the BU Marine Program along with a team of researchers from The New England Complex Systems Institute, have collaborated and found a way to settle the debate which deals with the origin of species independent of geographic isolation.
They demonstrated, using a computer model, how diverse species can arise from the arrangement of organisms across an area, without any influence from geographical barriers or even natural selection.


(So the last four words are false and is eventually corrected in the article.)
posted by:
Krampus
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  • I agree that natural diversity is down played in evolution, natural selection is just the fine tuning knob. Natural diversity is the channel changer.
    • "I agree that natural diversity is down played in evolution, natural selection is just the fine tuning knob. Natural diversity is the channel changer."

      Um...what? The paper talks about distance alone acting as an effective barrier and producing genetic variation (and eventually speciation) through the resulting genetic isolation--it's not talking about morphometric or ecological variation at all. Without Natural Selection driving the trajectories apart you just end up with two "good species" (not sufficiently genetically compatible to successfully interbreed) that look and act the same.
      • <Um...what? The paper talks about distance alone acting as an effective barrier and producing genetic variation (and eventually speciation) through the resulting genetic isolation--it's not talking about morphometric or ecological variation at all. Without Natural Selection driving the trajectories apart you just end up with two "good species" (not sufficiently genetically compatible to successfully interbreed) that look and act the same.

        What the article shows is that for major evolution to take place species become successful and diversify, i.e. natural diversity. Sure natural selection then creates groups and then defines the new species but without natural diversity, major changes in a species doesn't exist. The theory of natural diversity explains events like the precambrian explosion, and it also explains long term unchanged animals like the ceolocanthe. Prior to the Cambrian age there was a mass extinction this opened up many niches and released the pressures of natural selection and allowed the surviving creature to diversify. With the ceolocanthe, this fish became perfected for it's niche but not successful enough to diversify. Natural selection and Natural diversity work in tandem, Natural diversity increases the gene pool and natural selection selectively narrows it for a given niche. What this article shows is the contribution of natural diversity to the evolution of species. Human beings by the way are currently in a state of natural diversity.
        • "What the article shows is that for major evolution to take place species become successful and diversify, i.e. natural diversity. Sure natural selection then creates groups and then defines the new species but without natural diversity, major changes in a species doesn't exist."

          I have no idea what that means. Natural selection by definition requires diversity in the form of heritable traits--it's hardly news and it's not what this paper is about.. What the paper is saying is essentially that distance alone is sufficient to isolate conspecific populations sufficiently to permit speciation. This is neither new nor particularly controversial (we've known about ring species for donkeys years, and there is plenty of literature on genetic distances equating long linear distances with short distances across barriers like mountains), except that the authors of this paper have a model of the way a single widespread species can undergo a kind of genetic coalescence at the population level that can lead to speciation, and the model looks promising in that it produces output that fits actual observations reasonably well. This speaks to the number of species found in broad geographic areas with few barriers but has nothing whatsoever to do with their morphological or ecological diversity.

          "Prior to the Cambrian age there was a mass extinction this opened up many niches and released the pressures of natural selection and allowed the surviving creature to diversify."

          No. Ecological release doesn't diminish the role of Natural Selection at all, it just changes the playing field by removing the incumbant advantage in niches. Generalists are competing with other generalists which encourages specialization *BY NATURAL SELECTION*, rather than competing with specialists in occupied niches, which is a game the generalists can't win.

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